Pharmacotherapy Case Study 11: Constipation By: Dr. Nehad Ahmed Chief Complaint: A 38-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of infrequent, hard stools and straining during bowel movements. She reports feeling bloated and uncomfortable after meals and has noticed a decrease in her overall appetite. Subjective Data: History of Present Illness (HPI): · The patient reports that for the past 3 months, she has been experiencing infrequent bowel movements , averaging only 2-3 times per week, which is a significant change from her previous daily routine. · The stools are described as hard, dry, and difficult to pass , often requiring straining . She sometimes feels like she has not fully emptied her bowels after a movement. · She also reports a feeling of abdominal bloating and discomfort , especially after meals, and a sensati...