Step-by-step method 1) Define a clear question (PICOS) Use PICOS to make the question answerable. Population (P): e.g., adults with type 2 diabetes Intervention (I): e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors Comparator (C): e.g., placebo or other glucose-lowering drugs Outcomes (O): e.g., HbA1c change, cardiovascular events, adverse events Study design (S): e.g., randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Write a short objective: “To evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors versus placebo on HbA1c in adults with T2DM.” 2) Prepare and register a protocol Why: reduces bias, avoids duplication, documents planned methods. Where to register: PROSPERO (if eligible) or publish protocol in a journal (e.g., BMJ Open). Protocol should include: background, PICOS, eligibility, search strategy, databases, screening process, data extraction plan, risk-of-bias tools, synthesis methods, planned subgroup/sensitivity analyses, GRADE approach. 3) Design comprehensive search strategy Data...