what is Acetazolamide by AI

 Acetazolamide (brand name: Diamox) is a prescription medication that belongs to a class of drugs called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It is primarily used to treat medical conditions where fluid and pressure regulation is important, such as glaucoma, altitude sickness, epilepsy, and certain types of edema. It works by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is involved in the regulation of acid-base balance and fluid transport in various tissues.

In the treatment of glaucoma, acetazolamide helps reduce the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure, which can prevent optic nerve damage. For altitude sickness, it induces a mild metabolic acidosis by increasing the excretion of bicarbonate in urine. This acid-base shift stimulates breathing and helps the body acclimate more quickly to high altitudes, reducing symptoms such as headache, nausea, and fatigue.

Acetazolamide is also sometimes used as an adjunctive therapy for certain seizure types, particularly absence seizures. In periodic paralysis (a rare genetic disorder), it can help stabilize potassium levels and reduce episodes of muscle weakness. As a diuretic, it can help manage mild fluid retention, particularly when caused by medications or certain medical conditions.

Common side effects include tingling sensations (especially in the hands and feet), increased urination, fatigue, and a metallic taste, particularly when consuming carbonated beverages. It can also cause electrolyte imbalances such as low potassium or sodium, and long-term use increases the risk of kidney stones. Because acetazolamide is a sulfonamide derivative, it should be avoided in individuals with a sulfa allergy. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe liver or kidney disease or those with certain acid-base disorders.