what is Actos by AI

 Actos (generic name: pioglitazone) is a medication used primarily in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which help control blood sugar levels by improving the body's sensitivity to insulin.

How It Works

Actos works by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), a type of nuclear receptor in fat cells, muscle cells, and the liver. By activating this receptor, pioglitazone helps improve the body's response to insulin, making it easier for the body to process glucose. This leads to better blood sugar control. Additionally, Actos can reduce the liver's glucose production, further helping to manage blood sugar levels.

Main Uses

  • Type 2 Diabetes: Actos is used as a part of a broader treatment plan, which may include diet, exercise, and other medications, to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is typically prescribed when other medications, such as metformin or sulfonylureas, are not sufficient.

Administration and Dosage

  • Actos is taken orally, typically once a day, with or without food.

  • The dosage is usually started at 15 mg to 30 mg per day and may be increased based on the patient's blood sugar control needs, up to a maximum of 45 mg per day.

Common Side Effects

  • Fluid retention: Can cause swelling, leading to potential weight gain.

  • Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar): Often when taken with other antidiabetic drugs like insulin or sulfonylureas.

  • Headache, muscle pain, and nasopharyngitis (cold-like symptoms).

  • Increased risk of fractures, particularly in women.

Serious Risks

  • Heart failure: Actos may exacerbate or lead to the development of heart failure, particularly in patients with existing heart conditions.

  • Bladder cancer: Long-term use of pioglitazone has been associated with a slightly increased risk of bladder cancer, so it is typically avoided in patients with a history of bladder cancer.

  • Liver damage: Regular monitoring of liver function is advised, as Actos can cause liver enzyme elevations.

Precautions

  • Actos is not recommended for people with severe heart failure, active liver disease, or a history of bladder cancer.

  • Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and liver function is essential during treatment.

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