100 Ready-to-Use MCQs on Fever Management (Based on Chapter 9: Fever from DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy) Nehad J. Ahmed Written by: Claude.ai
100 Ready-to-Use MCQs on Fever Management (Based on Chapter 9:
Fever from DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy)
Nehad J. Ahmed
Written by: Claude.ai
Temperature and Definitions
- What is
the normal oral body temperature range?
- A. 35.5°C
to 36.7°C
- B. 36.7°C
to 37°C ✓
- C. 37°C
to 37.5°C
- D. 37.5°C
to 38°C
- How much
higher are rectal temperatures compared to oral temperatures?
- A. 0.3°C
(0.5°F)
- B. 0.6°C
(1°F) ✓
- C. 1°C
(1.8°F)
- D. 1.5°C
(2.7°F)
- What is
the fever threshold for rectal temperature measurements?
- A. 37.6°C
(99.6°F)
- B. 37.9°C
(100.2°F)
- C. 38°C
(100.4°F) ✓
- D. 38.5°C
(101.3°F)
- Hyperpyrexia
is defined as a fever greater than:
- A. 39°C
(102.2°F)
- B. 40°C
(104°F)
- C. 41°C
(105.8°F)
- D. 41.5°C
(106.7°F) ✓
- What is
the fever point for axillary temperature measurements?
- A. 37°C
(98.6°F)
- B. 37.4°C
(99.4°F) ✓
- C. 37.9°C
(100.2°F)
- D. 38°C
(100.4°F)
Pathophysiology
- Where is
the thermoregulatory center located?
- A.
Posterior hypothalamus
- B.
Anterior hypothalamus ✓
- C.
Medulla oblongata
- D.
Cerebral cortex
- What
causes the increase in hypothalamic temperature set point during fever?
- A.
Cytokines
- B.
Leukotrienes
- C.
Prostaglandins ✓
- D.
Histamine
- How does
fever differ from hyperthermia?
- A. Fever
involves a reset hypothalamic set point ✓
- B.
Hyperthermia responds to antipyretics
- C. Fever
occurs more rapidly
- D.
Hyperthermia is always more dangerous
- What
characterizes hyperthermia?
- A.
Controlled elevation of body temperature
- B.
Uncontrolled rise in body temperature ✓
- C.
Decreased metabolic rate
- D.
Lowered hypothalamic set point
- Which
statement about hyperpyrexia is correct?
- A. It
does not respond to antipyretics
- B. It
responds to antipyretics ✓
- C. It
only occurs with bacterial infections
- D. It is
less dangerous than regular fever
Etiology
- According
to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, fever is what leading
cause of emergency department visits in all patients?
- A. First
- B. Second
- C. Third ✓
- D. Fourth
- In
patients younger than 15 years old, fever is the _____ leading cause of
emergency department visits.
- A.
Leading cause ✓
- B. Second
leading cause
- C. Third
leading cause
- D. Fourth
leading cause
- Which of
the following medication classes is MOST commonly implicated in
drug-induced fever?
- A. ACE
inhibitors
- B.
β-lactam antibiotics ✓
- C.
Calcium channel blockers
- D. Proton
pump inhibitors
- Which
antibiotic is listed as a medication that can cause fever?
- A.
Amoxicillin ✓
- B.
Azithromycin
- C.
Doxycycline
- D.
Metronidazole
- Which
cardiovascular medication can cause drug-induced fever?
- A.
Amlodipine
- B.
Atenolol
- C.
Hydralazine ✓
- D.
Losartan
Drug-Induced Fever
- What
characterizes drug-induced fever?
- A.
Persistent fever with an identified infection
- B.
Persistent fever without infection or another underlying condition ✓
- C.
Intermittent fever with drug administration
- D. Fever
that persists after drug withdrawal
- Which
anticonvulsant is commonly implicated in drug-induced fever?
- A.
Levetiracetam
- B.
Gabapentin
- C.
Phenytoin ✓
- D.
Lamotrigine
- Which of
the following is NOT listed as causing drug-induced fever?
- A.
Allopurinol
- B.
Nitrofurantoin
- C.
Methyldopa
- D.
Omeprazole ✓
- What
happens to temperature after withdrawal of the offending agent in
drug-induced fever?
- A.
Temperature increases
- B.
Temperature fluctuates
- C.
Temperature remains normal ✓
- D.
Temperature decreases gradually over weeks
- Which H2
antagonist can cause fever?
- A.
Famotidine
- B.
Nizatidine
- C.
Ranitidine ✓
- D.
Roxatidine
Patient Assessment
- Within how
many days do symptoms typically appear after COVID-19 exposure?
- A. As
soon as 2 days ✓
- B. 5-7
days
- C. 10-14
days
- D. 21
days
- For
travelers returning from tropical areas, the majority who develop fever
present within:
- A. 1 week
- B. 2
weeks
- C. 1
month ✓
- D. 3
months
- Which
regions are MORE commonly associated with travel-related fever?
- A.
Northern Europe
- B.
Sub-Saharan Africa ✓
- C. North
America
- D.
Australia
- What
percentage of COVID-19 patients reported symptoms of fever, cough, or
shortness of breath?
- A. 50%
- B. 60%
- C. 70% ✓
- D. 80%
- When
collecting information about fever, what is the preferred method to verify
fever?
- A.
Feeling the forehead
- B.
Patient's subjective report
- C.
Reading from a thermometer ✓
- D.
Observing skin color
Red Flag Symptoms - Pediatrics
- Infants
younger than what age with temperature above 38°C (100.4°F) should see a
physician irrespective of symptoms?
- A. 1
month
- B. 2
months
- C. 3
months ✓
- D. 6
months
- Children
of any age with a temperature above what threshold should see a physician
regardless of symptoms?
- A. 38°C
(100.4°F)
- B. 39°C
(102.2°F)
- C. 40°C
(104°F) ✓
- D. 41°C
(105.8°F)
- Which is a
red flag symptom in children with fever?
- A. Mild
cough
- B. Slight
nasal congestion
- C.
Refusing oral fluids ✓
- D. Normal
appetite
- A child
with fever who is drooling excessively and unable to swallow should:
- A.
Continue home treatment
- B. See a
physician immediately ✓
- C.
Increase fluid intake
- D. Wait
48 hours
- Which
symptom with fever requires immediate medical attention in children?
- A. Mild
fatigue
- B. Stiff
neck ✓
- C.
Decreased appetite
- D. Mild
irritability
Red Flag Symptoms - General
- Adults
with high fever above what temperature should see a physician irrespective
of symptoms?
- A. 39°C
(102.2°F)
- B. 40°C
(104°F)
- C. 41°C
(105.8°F) ✓
- D. 42°C
(107.6°F)
- Patients
with fever and which condition should see a physician immediately?
- A. Mild
headache
- B. Taking
steroids or immunocompromised ✓
- C.
History of seasonal allergies
- D.
Controlled hypertension
- Which is a
red flag symptom requiring immediate medical evaluation?
- A. Slight
dizziness
- B.
Unexplained dermatologic rash ✓
- C. Mild
sore throat
- D. Watery
eyes
- Patients
with fever and which recent history should seek immediate care?
- A. Recent
vaccination
- B. Recent
chemotherapy ✓
- C. Recent
mild exercise
- D. Recent
dietary changes
- Changes in
mental status with fever indicate:
- A. Normal
response
- B. Need
for immediate medical evaluation ✓
- C.
Adequate hydration needed
- D.
Medication dose adjustment
Acetaminophen
- What is
the preferred agent to reduce fever in most patients?
- A.
Ibuprofen
- B.
Aspirin
- C.
Acetaminophen ✓
- D.
Naproxen
- What is
the adult dose of acetaminophen for fever?
- A. 325 mg
every 4-6 hours
- B. 500 mg
every 4-6 hours
- C. 650 mg
every 4-6 hours ✓
- D. 1000
mg every 4-6 hours
- What is
the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen when using 650 mg tablets?
- A. 2600
mg
- B. 3000
mg
- C. 3250
mg ✓
- D. 4000
mg
- What is
the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen when using 500 mg tablets?
- A. 2500
mg
- B. 3000
mg ✓
- C. 3250
mg
- D. 4000
mg
- How does
acetaminophen reduce fever?
- A. By
inhibiting cyclooxygenase peripherally
- B. By
inhibiting prostaglandin production in the CNS ✓
- C. By
direct cooling effect
- D. By
increasing heat loss
Acetaminophen - Pediatrics & Special Populations
- What is
the pediatric dose of acetaminophen for fever?
- A. 5-10
mg/kg every 4-6 hours
- B. 10-15
mg/kg every 4-6 hours ✓
- C. 15-20
mg/kg every 4-6 hours
- D. 20-25
mg/kg every 4-6 hours
- What is
the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen in infants?
- A. 50
mg/kg/day
- B. 75
mg/kg/day ✓
- C. 100
mg/kg/day
- D. 125
mg/kg/day
- What is
the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen in children?
- A. 75
mg/kg/day or 1625 mg/day, whichever is less
- B. 100
mg/kg/day or 1625 mg/day, whichever is less ✓
- C. 100
mg/kg/day or 2000 mg/day, whichever is less
- D. 125
mg/kg/day or 2000 mg/day, whichever is less
- What is
the FDA pregnancy category for acetaminophen?
- A.
Category A
- B.
Category B ✓
- C.
Category C
- D.
Category D
- In which
condition is acetaminophen contraindicated?
- A. Mild
renal impairment
- B. Active
and severe hepatic impairment ✓
- C.
Pregnancy
- D.
Lactation
Ibuprofen
- What is
the adult dose of ibuprofen for fever?
- A.
100-200 mg every 4-6 hours
- B.
200-400 mg every 4-6 hours ✓
- C.
400-600 mg every 4-6 hours
- D.
600-800 mg every 4-6 hours
- What is
the maximum daily dose of ibuprofen in adults?
- A. 800 mg
- B. 1000
mg
- C. 1200
mg ✓
- D. 1600
mg
- What is
the pediatric dose of ibuprofen (6 months to 12 years)?
- A. 2-5
mg/kg every 6-8 hours
- B. 5-10
mg/kg every 6-8 hours ✓
- C. 10-15
mg/kg every 6-8 hours
- D. 15-20
mg/kg every 6-8 hours
- What is
the maximum number of ibuprofen doses per day in children?
- A. 3
doses
- B. 4
doses ✓
- C. 5
doses
- D. 6
doses
- Which
ibuprofen formulation should children younger than 2 years use?
- A. 100
mg/5 mL suspension
- B. 50
mg/1.25 mL suspension ✓
- C. 200 mg
chewable tablets
- D. 100 mg
chewable tablets
Ibuprofen - Contraindications
- Why should
ibuprofen be avoided in older adults with heart failure?
- A.
Increased bleeding risk
- B.
Possible fluid retention and heart failure exacerbation ✓
- C. Drug
interactions
- D.
Reduced efficacy
- In which
chronic kidney disease stage should ibuprofen be avoided in older adults?
- A. Stage
2 or 3
- B. Stage
3 or 4
- C. Stage
4 or 5 ✓
- D. All
stages
- Can
ibuprofen be used during pregnancy?
- A. Yes,
in all trimesters
- B. Yes,
but only in first trimester
- C. No,
risks to fetus cannot be ruled out ✓
- D. Yes,
with physician approval
- What
serious cardiovascular risk is associated with NSAIDs like ibuprofen?
- A.
Bradycardia
- B.
Hypotension
- C.
Thrombotic events and myocardial infarction ✓
- D.
Arrhythmias
- Ibuprofen
cannot be used in patients undergoing:
- A. Dental
surgery
- B.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery ✓
- C.
Cataract surgery
- D. Minor
dermatologic procedures
Aspirin
- What is
the adult dose of aspirin for fever?
- A.
250-500 mg every 4-6 hours
- B.
325-650 mg every 4-6 hours ✓
- C.
500-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
- D.
650-975 mg every 4-6 hours
- What is
the maximum daily dose of aspirin for fever in adults?
- A. 3 g
- B. 4 g ✓
- C. 5 g
- D. 6 g
- At what
age can children safely take aspirin for fever?
- A. 6
years or older
- B. 10
years or older
- C. 12
years or older ✓
- D. 16
years or older
- Why should
aspirin not be given to children with flu-like symptoms?
- A.
Increased bleeding risk
- B. Risk
of Reye's syndrome ✓
- C.
Ineffective in children
- D. Causes
gastric upset
- In which
condition should aspirin be avoided in children?
- A. Common
cold
- B. Mild
headache
- C.
Chickenpox or flu-like symptoms ✓
- D. Mild
fever without other symptoms
Nonpharmacologic Management
- Which
nonpharmacologic method is appropriate for fever management?
- A. Ice
baths
- B.
Alcohol baths
- C.
Wearing light clothing ✓
- D. Hot
compresses
- Why should
alcohol baths NOT be used for fever?
- A.
Ineffective
- B.
Potential for shock ✓
- C. Causes
skin irritation
- D. Too
expensive
- What type
of water should be used for sponge baths?
- A. Cold
water
- B. Ice
water
- C.
Warm/tepid water ✓
- D. Hot
water
- When
should sponging be stopped?
- A. After
5 minutes
- B. When
patient feels cold
- C. If
patient begins shivering ✓
- D. After
15 minutes
- How long
after antipyretic therapy should sponging follow?
- A.
Immediately
- B. 30
minutes
- C. 1 hour
✓
- D. 2
hours
Nonpharmacologic Management - Continued
- Why should
sponging follow antipyretic therapy?
- A. To
enhance antipyretic absorption
- B. To
reduce the hypothalamic set point first ✓
- C. To
prevent medication side effects
- D. To
improve patient comfort immediately
- What
should patients do to prevent dehydration during fever?
- A.
Restrict fluids
- B.
Increase fluid intake ✓
- C. Take
diuretics
- D. Drink
only cold beverages
- Which room
temperature is recommended for fever management?
- A. Very
cold temperature
- B. Normal
room temperature
- C. Low
room temperature to stay comfortable ✓
- D.
Elevated temperature
- What is
the purpose of using cooling fans in fever management?
- A.
Primary treatment
- B. To
contribute to decreasing body temperature ✓
- C. To
replace antipyretics
- D. To
prevent sweating
- Should
cooling blankets be used alone for fever?
- A. Yes,
they are very effective alone
- B. No,
should only be used along with antipyretics ✓
- C. Yes,
but only in adults
- D. No,
they should never be used
Follow-Up & Monitoring
- How long
should adults use OTC treatment before seeking medical care if no
improvement?
- A. 1 day
- B. 2 days
- C. 3 days
✓
- D. 5 days
- How long
should children 2 years or older use OTC treatment before seeking care?
- A. 24
hours
- B. 48
hours ✓
- C. 72
hours
- D. 96
hours
- How long
should children younger than 2 years use OTC treatment before seeking
care?
- A. 12
hours
- B. 24
hours ✓
- C. 48
hours
- D. 72
hours
- What
should patients keep to track fever progression?
- A.
Medication log only
- B.
Symptom diary only
- C. Fever
diary with temperatures every 8 hours ✓
- D. Weekly
temperature log
- How often
should temperatures be recorded in a fever diary?
- A. Every
4 hours
- B. Every
8 hours ✓
- C. Every
12 hours
- D. Once
daily
Differential Diagnosis
- What
symptom distinguishes meningitis in patients with fever?
- A. Cough
- B.
Headache or neck stiffness ✓
- C.
Abdominal pain
- D. Rash
- Fever with
diarrhea and abdominal pain may indicate:
- A. Viral
upper respiratory infection
- B.
Bacterial infection ✓
- C.
Drug-induced fever
- D.
Hyperthermia
- What
condition might prolonged fever with rash and myalgias indicate in
travelers?
- A.
Malaria
- B.
Typhoid fever
- C. Dengue
fever ✓
- D. Yellow
fever
- Which
diagnostic test may be needed for suspected meningitis?
- A. Blood
culture
- B. Lumbar
puncture ✓
- C. Chest
X-ray
- D.
Urinalysis
- In
hyperthermia, which symptom is commonly seen?
- A. Moist
skin
- B. Dry
and hot skin ✓
- C. Pale
skin
- D.
Cyanotic skin
Hyperthermia vs. Fever
- Do
antipyretics work for hyperthermia?
- A. Yes,
very effectively
- B. No,
they are not effective ✓
- C. Yes,
but high doses needed
- D.
Sometimes effective
- What
causes hyperthermia?
- A.
Infection
- B. Body
takes on heat faster than it can lose it ✓
- C.
Increased hypothalamic set point
- D. Immune
response
- How can
hyperthermia be distinguished from fever?
- A. Fever
is always higher
- B.
Hyperthermia doesn't respond to antipyretics ✓
- C.
Hyperthermia causes more sweating
- D. Fever
occurs more rapidly
- What might
cause hyperthermia?
- A. Viral
infection
- B.
Bacterial infection
- C.
Exposure to extremely high temperatures ✓
- D.
Autoimmune disease
- What
cooling technique can be used for hyperthermia?
- A.
Antipyretics only
- B. Cool
blankets and fans ✓
- C. Warm
baths
- D. No
treatment needed
Patient Care Process
- What
information should be collected about recent activities?
- A. Only
exercise history
- B. Only
dietary habits
- C. Recent
travel, climate, and social activities ✓
- D. Only
work schedule
- Why should
immunization history be collected?
- A. To
update records
- B.
Vaccinations can cause moderate-to-severe illness with fever ✓
- C.
Required by law
- D. To
check insurance coverage
- What
patient-specific factors should be assessed?
- A. Only
medical history
- B. Only
medication list
- C.
Religious/cultural barriers to therapy ✓
- D. Only
laboratory values
- Why assess
economic barriers?
- A. For
insurance purposes
- B. May
alter care decisions based on cost ✓
- C.
Required documentation
- D.
Statistical purposes
- When
should the same thermometer and measurement site be used?
- A. Only
for children
- B. Only
for initial reading
- C. During
the course of fever ✓
- D. Not
necessary
Combination Therapy & General
- Can
acetaminophen and ibuprofen be used together?
- A. Never
- B. Yes,
in most but not all patients ✓
- C. Only
in adults
- D. Only
with physician approval
- How are
all antipyretics dosed for fever?
- A. Around
the clock
- B. With
meals
- C. On an
as-needed basis ✓
- D. At
bedtime only
- What
should guide pediatric dosing when possible?
- A. Age
- B. Height
- C. Weight
✓
- D.
Symptom severity
- What must
be considered when selecting fever treatment?
- A. Only
efficacy
- B. Only
safety
- C. Drug
interactions with current medications ✓
- D. Only
cost
- What
laboratory values are helpful if available?
- A.
Complete blood count and kidney/liver function ✓
- B. Only
glucose levels
- C. Only
electrolytes
- D. Lipid
panel only
Clinical Scenarios
- A patient
reports taking antipyretics with no decrease in temperature after heat
exposure. This suggests:
- A. Wrong
medication
- B.
Insufficient dose
- C.
Possible hyperthermia ✓
- D. Drug
resistance
- When
should generic equivalents be recommended?
- A. Never
- B. Only
for brand preference
- C. To
improve adherence due to affordability ✓
- D. Only
for insured patients
- What
should be discussed with patients about the care plan?
- A. Only
medication names
- B. Goals
of therapy, adverse effects, interactions ✓
- C. Only
the cost
- D. Only
follow-up timing
- Patient
agreement with the treatment plan should be:
- A.
Assumed
- B.
Documented only
- C.
Ensured through open-ended dialogue ✓
- D. Not
necessary
- What
indicates a need for urgent/emergent care during follow-up?
- A. Mild
improvement
- B. Stable
temperature
- C.
Presence of alarming symptoms ✓
- D.
Medication side effects
تعليقات
إرسال تعليق