100 True/False questions based on Chapter e9: Fever from DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 12th Edition. Nehad J. Ahmed Written using Mistral

 

100 True/False questions based on Chapter e9: Fever from DiPiro's Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 12th Edition.

 

Nehad J. Ahmed

 

Written using Mistral

 

 

 

Section 1: Key Concepts and Epidemiology

1. Fever is always caused by an infection.
• False
2. Normal body temperature is regulated by the thermoregulatory center in the anterior hypothalamus.
• True
3. Fever is defined as a body temperature above 37.5°C (99.5°F).
• False
4. Prostaglandins play a role in increasing the hypothalamic temperature set point during fever.
• True
5. Fever is the leading cause of emergency department visits in patients younger than 15 years old.
• True
6. Autoimmune disorders are not a common cause of fever.
• False
7. Fever can be a side effect of certain medications.
• True
8. The circadian rhythm does not affect body temperature.
• False
9. Fever is a controlled elevation of body temperature above the normal range.
• True
10. Hyperthermia is the same as fever.
• False

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Section 2: Anatomy and Mechanism of Disease

11. The anterior hypothalamus is responsible for regulating body temperature.
• True
12. Rectal temperatures are typically lower than oral temperatures.
• False
13. Axillary temperatures are usually higher than oral temperatures.
• False
14. The normal range for oral body temperature is 36.7°C–37.0°C (98°F–98.6°F).
• True
15. Tympanic temperatures are measured using a mercury thermometer.
• False
16. Fever is caused by an uncontrolled rise in body temperature.
• False
17. The hypothalamic set point is increased during fever.
• True
18. Fever can be caused by malignancies such as lymphoma.
• True
19. Infections are the only cause of fever.
• False
20. Hyperthermia is caused by the body producing heat faster than it can lose it.
• True

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Section 3: Collecting Patient Information

21. It is important to collect information about a patient's recent travel history when assessing fever.
• True
22. A patient's medication history is irrelevant when assessing fever.
• False
23. Using the same thermometer and measurement site is important for consistency.
• True
24. A fever diary is not useful in monitoring fever.
• False
25. Immunization status is not relevant when assessing fever.
• False
26. Recent exposure to infected individuals should be considered when assessing fever.
• True
27. Social history, such as recent activities, is not important in assessing fever.
• False
28. The duration of fever is not important when assessing a patient.
• False
29. Patients should be asked about their ability to afford medications when assessing fever.
• True
30. Cultural considerations are not relevant when assessing fever.
• False

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Section 4: Assessment and Differential Diagnosis

31. Hyperthermia responds to antipyretics.
• False
32. Hyperpyrexia is defined as a body temperature greater than 41.5°C (106.7°F).
• True
33. Hyperthermia is caused by an increased hypothalamic set point.
• False
34. Fever and hyperthermia are treated the same way.
• False
35. Hyperpyrexia is a medical emergency.
• True
36. A stiff neck in a patient with fever is not a red flag symptom.
• False
37. Children with a fever above 40°C (104°F) should be seen by a physician immediately.
• True
38. Dehydration is not a concern in patients with fever.
• False
39. A rash in a child with fever is not a cause for concern.
• False
40. Patients with hyperthermia may present with dry and hot skin.
• True

---

Section 5: Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatment

41. Alcohol baths are recommended for reducing fever.
• False
42. Cooling blankets can be used along with antipyretics to reduce fever.
• True
43. Acetaminophen is the preferred antipyretic for most patients.
• True
44. Ibuprofen can cause gastrointestinal bleeding.
• True
45. Aspirin is safe for use in children with viral infections.
• False
46. The maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for adults is 4000 mg.
• False
47. NSAIDs can increase the risk of cardiovascular events.
• True
48. Acetaminophen is safe to use during pregnancy.
• True
49. Ibuprofen should be avoided in patients with heart failure.
• True
50. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers.
• True

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Section 6: Special Populations

51. Infants under 3 months with a fever above 38°C (100.4°F) should be seen by a physician immediately.
• True
52. Elderly patients with fever are not at higher risk for complications.
• False
53. Pregnant women with fever should avoid ibuprofen.
• True
54. Patients with liver disease should use acetaminophen without any restrictions.
• False
55. Immunocompromised patients with fever should seek immediate medical evaluation.
• True
56. Children with a fever above 38°C (100.4°F) and a rash should be seen by a physician immediately.
• True
57. Patients with hyperthermia should be treated with antipyretics.
• False
58. Patients with hyperpyrexia should be treated with cooling blankets and antipyretics.
• True
59. Dehydration is a common complication in patients with fever.
• True
60. Patients with a history of seizures should be monitored closely when they have a fever.
• True

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Section 7: Patient Care Process

61. The first step in the Patient Care Process for fever is "Assess".
• False
62. The "Collect" phase involves gathering information about the patient's medication history.
• True
63. The "Plan" phase includes developing a care plan to reduce fever.
• True
64. The "Follow-up" phase involves monitoring temperature and symptoms.
• True
65. Collaboration in the Patient Care Process involves only the pharmacist.
• False
66. The "Assess" phase includes differentiating fever from hyperthermia.
• True
67. The "Implement" phase involves administering IV fluids.
• False
68. The "Follow-up" phase includes scheduling appropriate follow-up visits.
• True
69. The Patient Care Process does not involve patient education.
• False
70. The "Collect" phase includes gathering information about the patient's cultural considerations.
• True

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Section 8: Medication Safety and Counseling

71. Patients should be advised to take the maximum dose of antipyretics immediately for faster relief.
• False
72. Patients should use the same thermometer and measurement site during a fever.
• True
73. Combining multiple antipyretics is recommended for better effect.
• False
74. Patients should avoid fluids to prevent dilution of antipyretics.
• False
75. Patients should seek medical evaluation if their fever does not improve within the recommended time frame.
• True
76. Acetaminophen toxicity can cause liver damage.
• True
77. NSAIDs can increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulants.
• True
78. Patients with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers should avoid NSAIDs.
• True
79. Aspirin is safe for use in children with chickenpox.
• False
80. Patients should be advised to increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration during fever.
• True

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Section 9: Clinical Scenarios

81. A patient with a fever of 39°C (102.2°F) and a rash should be evaluated for potential drug-induced fever.
• True
82. A patient with a history of kidney disease should avoid ibuprofen.
• True
83. A pregnant woman with fever should use ibuprofen for symptom relief.
• False
84. A patient with heart failure should avoid NSAIDs due to the risk of fluid retention.
• True
85. A child with a fever above 40°C (104°F) should be seen by a physician immediately, even without other symptoms.
• True
86. An elderly patient with fever should be monitored for signs of confusion.
• True
87. A patient with hyperthermia should be treated with antipyretics and cooling blankets.
• False
88. A patient with hyperpyrexia should seek immediate medical attention.
• True
89. A patient with a fever and stiff neck should be evaluated for meningitis.
• True
90. A patient with a fever and diarrhea should be evaluated for potential bacterial infection.
• True

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Section 10: Miscellaneous

91. Fever is always a sign of a serious illness.
• False
92. Nonpharmacologic methods, such as cooling blankets, can help reduce fever.
• True
93. Patients with fever should avoid wearing tight clothing.
• True
94. A fever diary is not useful for monitoring fever at home.
• False
95. Patients with fever should be advised to seek medical care if they develop new symptoms.
• True
96. Antipyretics are effective in treating hyperthermia.
• False
97. Patients with a fever above 41°C (105.8°F) should seek immediate medical care.
• True
98. Dehydration is not a concern in patients with fever.
• False
99. Patients with fever should be advised to use alcohol baths to reduce their temperature.
• False
100. The Patient Care Process for fever involves collaboration among patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. - True