100 True/False questions with answers and short explanations based on Chapter 9: Fever from DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy (12th Ed.) Nehad J. Ahmed *ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

 

100 True/False questions with answers and short explanations based on Chapter 9: Fever from DiPiro’s Pharmacotherapy (12th Ed.)

 

 

Nehad J. Ahmed

 

*ChatGPT can make mistakes. Check important info.

 

 

100 True/False Questions — Chapter 9: Fever

1. Fever is an uncontrolled rise in body temperature due to failure of thermoregulation. ❌
2. Hyperthermia does not respond to antipyretics. ✅
3. Prostaglandins are the main mediators that raise the hypothalamic set point in fever. ✅
4. The hypothalamus controls the body’s thermal balance and regulates fever. ✅
5. Hyperpyrexia is defined as a fever greater than 41.5°C (106.7°F). ✅
6. The hypothalamic set point decreases in fever. ❌
7. Rectal temperatures are typically higher than oral readings. ✅
8. Axillary temperatures are the most accurate for core temperature measurement. ❌
9. Shivering helps raise body temperature to the new set point during fever onset. ✅
10. Sweating occurs as the fever breaks and the set point returns to normal. ✅
11. Infection is the most common cause of fever. ✅
12. Drug-induced fever resolves immediately after the drug is stopped. ❌
13. Anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepine can cause drug-induced fever. ✅
14. Autoimmune diseases are not associated with fever. ❌
15. Malignancies such as lymphoma and leukemia can present with fever. ✅
16. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is decreasing in incidence. ❌
17. Travel history is irrelevant when evaluating fever. ❌
18. Hyperthyroidism is a major focus as a cause of fever in this chapter. ❌
19. Environmental heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia. ✅
20. COVID-19 commonly presents with fever among its symptoms. ✅
21. A fever diary can help track response to therapy. ✅
22. Infants under 3 months with a temp >38°C (100.4°F) require immediate evaluation. ✅
23. Adults can self-treat fever indefinitely without seeing a doctor. ❌
24. Children under 2 years should be evaluated if fever persists >24 hours. ✅
25. Refusal to drink fluids in a child is a red-flag sign. ✅
26. Shortness of breath and chest pain in an adult with fever require urgent medical attention. ✅
27. A mild runny nose with fever is always an emergency. ❌
28. Altered mental status with fever is a red flag. ✅
29. Fever with stiff neck and severe headache can indicate meningitis. ✅
30. Skin rash accompanying fever is a benign finding. ❌
31. All temperature measurement sites give identical results. ❌
32. Temporal thermometers have age-specific fever thresholds. ✅
33. Touching the forehead is an accurate way to measure temperature. ❌
34. Axillary temperature above 37.4°C indicates fever. ✅
35. Using the same thermometer and site improves accuracy. ✅
36. Rectal measurement is preferred for infants. ✅
37. Thermometers must be cleaned between uses to prevent infection spread. ✅
38. Oral thermometry is unsuitable for unconscious or uncooperative patients. ✅
39. Temporal thermometers are unreliable in children under 3 months. ✅
40. Digital thermometers are recommended over mercury thermometers. ✅
41. Alcohol or ice baths are recommended for fever reduction. ❌
42. Tepid sponge baths are appropriate after giving an antipyretic. ✅
43. Sponging should continue even if the patient begins shivering. ❌
44. Hydration is an important part of fever management. ✅
45. Bundling in blankets helps reduce fever faster. ❌
46. Fans and cool blankets may be used along with antipyretics. ✅
47. Patients with fever should avoid fluids to reduce sweating. ❌
48. Adequate rest is recommended for patients with fever. ✅
49. Non-drug measures alone can sometimes control mild fever. ✅
50. Sponging is most effective before giving antipyretics. ❌
51. Acetaminophen is the first-line antipyretic for most patients. ✅
52. Acetaminophen’s action is primarily central, not peripheral. ✅
53. Acetaminophen should be avoided in severe hepatic disease. ✅
54. Maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for adults is 4,000 mg. ✅
55. Acetaminophen is unsafe during pregnancy. ❌
56. Ibuprofen is contraindicated during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. ✅
57. Ibuprofen should be avoided in renal disease and heart failure. ✅
58. Aspirin is safe for children with viral infections. ❌
59. NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and platelet dysfunction. ✅
60. Combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be used cautiously in some patients. ✅
61. Children’s acetaminophen dose: 10–15 mg/kg every 4–6 hours. ✅
62. Ibuprofen dose for children: 5–10 mg/kg every 6–8 hours. ✅
63. Acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure. ✅
64. All acetaminophen-containing products have the same strength. ❌
65. Acetaminophen should be avoided with alcohol use. ✅
66. Acetaminophen has significant effects on platelets and GI mucosa. ❌
67. Aspirin can cause Reye’s syndrome in children. ✅
68. Acetaminophen is the preferred antipyretic in pregnancy and lactation. ✅
69. NSAIDs are safe in patients with advanced CKD. ❌
70. Adults should not exceed 1,200 mg/day of ibuprofen (OTC). ✅
71. Children with a temperature >40°C (104°F) should be seen by a physician. ✅
72. Elderly patients may not exhibit high fevers even with serious infections. ✅
73. Fever in immunocompromised patients is a medical emergency. ✅
74. Cancer patients with fever can self-treat at home. ❌
75. Fever in a patient after chemotherapy can be life-threatening. ✅
76. Febrile seizures are common in adults. ❌
77. Antipyretics prevent febrile seizures completely. ❌
78. Travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk for malaria-associated fever. ✅
79. Fever can be the only symptom of systemic infection in older adults. ✅
80. All febrile patients should be treated with antibiotics. ❌
81. Pharmacists should collect medication history before recommending OTC products. ✅
82. Education on correct dosing is not necessary for common OTC drugs. ❌
83. The patient care process includes collect, assess, plan, implement, follow-up. ✅
84. Medication reconciliation is unnecessary for fever management. ❌
85. Patients should be advised to monitor temperature every 8 hours. ✅
86. Caregivers should be told to use different thermometers for each reading. ❌
87. Patients should read product labels to check for combination ingredients. ✅
88. Social factors like access to care and cost should be considered. ✅
89. Patients should stop taking medication once symptoms begin improving. ❌
90. Follow-up ensures the fever has resolved and no new symptoms developed. ✅
91. Fever due to environmental exposure is treated the same as infection-related fever. ❌
92. Hyperpyrexia requires emergency care. ✅
93. Fever during vaccination in children is uncommon. ❌
94. Fever always indicates infection. ❌
95. Patients should be educated that fever itself is not always harmful. ✅
96. Hyperthermia and fever share the same underlying mechanism. ❌
97. Antipyretic therapy’s main goal is comfort, not normalization of temperature. ✅
98. Self-care is appropriate for all patients with fever. ❌
99. Fever should be managed with a combination of drug and non-drug therapies. ✅
100. The chapter emphasizes patient-centered, evidence-based care. ✅